{"id":10225,"date":"2025-08-18T19:25:03","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T19:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/?p=10225"},"modified":"2025-08-18T19:46:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T19:46:12","slug":"ilgarini-magarasindaki-bizans-magara-manastiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/ilgarini-magarasindaki-bizans-magara-manastiri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;ndaki Bizans Ma\u011fara Manast\u0131r\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, Kastamonu&#8217;nun P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 il\u00e7esinde, K\u00fcre Da\u011flar\u0131 Milli Park\u0131 i\u00e7inde, deniz seviyesinden 1160 metre y\u00fckseklikte yer alan do\u011fal bir ma\u011fara sistemidir. 858 metre uzunlu\u011fu ve 250 metre derinli\u011fiyle T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011faralar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. Ma\u011fara, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yeniden ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, ancak arkeolojik ve tarihi \u00f6nemi yak\u0131n zamana kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pompeiopolis kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan bir hafta sonu gezisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kastamonu K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm \u0130l M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Ziver Kaplan&#8217;\u0131n rehberli\u011finde ke\u015ffedilen ma\u011fara, 2022&#8217;de yap\u0131lan ikinci bir ziyaretle daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011fara, Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait ta\u015f yap\u0131lar, ha\u00e7 grafitileri, kuyu mezarlar\u0131 ve bir sarn\u0131\u00e7 gibi unsurlar\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Ancak, son y\u0131llarda artan turizm faaliyetleri (y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 trekking turisti) nedeniyle ma\u011fara y\u00fczeylerinde \u00e7\u00f6p birikimi, grafiti tahribat\u0131 ve mezarlar\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131 gibi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makale, Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n bir Bizans ma\u011fara manast\u0131r\u0131 olarak \u00f6nemini ortaya koymay\u0131, arkeolojik bulgular\u0131 Orta Bizans metinleriyle ili\u015fkilendirmeyi ve ma\u011faran\u0131n Aziz Nikon Metanoite ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 Chryse Petra manast\u0131r\u0131 olabilece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arkeolojik Bulgular<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ma\u011faran\u0131n Fiziksel Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve Mimari \u00d6zellikleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve 8 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde devasa bir giri\u015fe sahiptir. Ma\u011fara a\u011fz\u0131, kuzeydo\u011fuya bakmaz ve bir \u00e7ukura a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, bu da ya\u011fmurdan korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Giri\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde, ta\u015f bir \u00e7evre duvar\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve ah\u015fap bir merdiven i\u00e7in kaya i\u00e7ine oyulmu\u015f kiri\u015f delikleri bulunur. Bu delikler, ma\u011fara giri\u015finin kuzey taraf\u0131nda 3 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar uzan\u0131r ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ma\u011farac\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u00c7evre duvar\u0131n\u0131n hemen arkas\u0131nda, do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan faydalanan bir alanda, kuzeyde ve g\u00fcneyde be\u015fer adet olmak \u00fczere iki s\u0131ra halinde dizilmi\u015f dikd\u00f6rtgen, tek odal\u0131 yap\u0131lar (ke\u015fi\u015f h\u00fccreleri) yer al\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lar, yaln\u0131zca ikinci ta\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131na kadar korunmu\u015ftur ve ma\u011fara sakinlerinin ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011faran\u0131n daha derin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda iki \u00f6nemli \u015fapel bulunur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u015eapel A<\/strong>: Ma\u011fara giri\u015fine yak\u0131n, 3,4 x 6,5 metre boyutlar\u0131nda, do\u011fuya y\u00f6nelen apsisli bir yap\u0131. Boyutlar\u0131 ve konumu nedeniyle manast\u0131r\u0131n katholikonu (ana kilisesi) olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u015eapel B<\/strong>: Daha derin bir seviyede, 4,2 x 3,2 metre boyutlar\u0131nda, trikonkhos (\u00fc\u00e7 apsisli) planl\u0131 bir yap\u0131. Mezarlara yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve trikonkhos plan\u0131, bunun bir cenaze \u015fapeli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Trikonkhos tipi, \u00f6zellikle 6.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans manast\u0131rlar\u0131nda, cenaze ba\u011flamlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011faran\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, kesme ta\u015f ve d\u00f6rt tu\u011fla band\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir sarn\u0131\u00e7 (4 x 2 x 2,3 metre) bulunur. Hidrolik har\u00e7la kapl\u0131 bu sarn\u0131\u00e7, yakla\u015f\u0131k 18,4 m\u00b3 su kapasitesine sahiptir ve nemli ma\u011fara y\u00fczeylerinden su toplayarak sakinlerin uzun s\u00fcreli ikametini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ma\u011faran\u0131n farkl\u0131 seviyelerine eri\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran serpatenler (ta\u015f destek duvarlar\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan yollar), be\u015f destek duvar\u0131 ve ikinci seviyede 23 teras duvar\u0131yla iyi korunmu\u015ftur. Bu yollar, ma\u011faran\u0131n dik e\u011fimlerini a\u015fmak i\u00e7in insan yap\u0131m\u0131 bir \u00e7aba oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024589.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024589.jpg 860w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024589-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024589-768x543.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mezarlar ve Dendrokronolojik Analiz<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011farada, \u015eapel A yak\u0131n\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 kuyu mezar\u0131 ve \u015eapel B yak\u0131n\u0131nda yedi kuyu mezar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu mezarlar, ah\u015fap kiri\u015flerle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7oklu g\u00f6m\u00fclere ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yakla\u015f\u0131k iki d\u00fczine ceset bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nden arkeobotanik\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan ah\u015fap \u00f6rnekler, Cornell \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nin Anadolu ana kronolojisi veritaban\u0131 kullan\u0131larak analiz edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rnekler, kiri\u015flerin me\u015fe oldu\u011fu ve son a\u011fa\u00e7 halkalar\u0131n\u0131n MS 977 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu, manast\u0131r\u0131n 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda aktif oldu\u011funu do\u011frular. Ancak, mezarlar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi kesin olarak belirlenememi\u015f, yaln\u0131zca MS 850 sonras\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131, muhtemelen ziyaret\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131ra olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seramik ve Di\u011fer Buluntular<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011farada az say\u0131da kiremit ve kaba seramik bulunmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 seramikler Tarih \u00d6ncesi d\u00f6neme aittir, ancak Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait olanlar yerel \u00fcretimdir ve tarihleme i\u00e7in tan\u0131 koyucu de\u011fildir. Bizans Paphlagonia&#8217;s\u0131nda seramik topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreler boyunca de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi bilinmektedir, bu nedenle seramikler kesin bir tarihleme sa\u011flamaz. Ancak, ha\u00e7 grafitileri ve yaz\u0131tlar, daha g\u00fcvenilir bir tarihleme kayna\u011f\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"860\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024595.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024595.jpg 860w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024595-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024595-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 860px) 100vw, 860px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grafitiler ve Yaz\u0131tlar<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011fara y\u00fczeylerinde, \u00f6zellikle \u015eapel A, ikinci serpatenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve \u015eapel B yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki mezar alanlar\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ha\u00e7 grafitisi bulunur. Bu grafitiler, H\u0131ristiyan kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyar ve \u00fc\u00e7 ana tipte s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Yaprak Ha\u00e7<\/strong>: Ortada birle\u015fen yaprak motifli ha\u00e7lar, 11.-12. y\u00fczy\u0131l templon epistyllerine (ikonostasis \u00fcst kiri\u015fleri) benzer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Halkal\u0131 Ha\u00e7<\/strong>: Kol u\u00e7lar\u0131nda dairesel halkalar olan ha\u00e7lar, 10.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131l bronz ha\u00e7larla ili\u015fkilendirilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ha\u00e7larla doldurulmu\u015f k\u00f6\u015fe bo\u015fluklar\u0131, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir deseni an\u0131msat\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00dc\u00e7 \u00c7atall\u0131 Ha\u00e7 (\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2)<\/strong>: 9.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans ba\u011flamlar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan bu ha\u00e7lar, muhtemelen On \u0130ki Havari&#8217;yi sembolize eder.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"859\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024591.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024591.jpg 859w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024591-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024591-768x413.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eapel B yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan bir Yunanca graffiti, ma\u011faran\u0131n dini karakterini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir:<br><strong>[\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd] \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03cd{\u03b2\u03cd}\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u1f72 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4(\u03b1\u03c2)\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ae\u03bb\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf(\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd)\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba&lt;\u03b1i&gt; \u1f10\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/strong><br>\u00c7eviri: &#8220;[Tanr\u0131m, yard\u0131m et] rahip Basileios&#8217;a ve gelen ve [gelen] herkese.&#8221;<br>Paleografik analiz, yaz\u0131t\u0131n 9.-10. y\u00fczy\u0131llara tarihlendi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Yaz\u0131daki iotasizm (\u03b9 yerine \u03b5\u03b9) ve monoftongizasyon (\u03b5 yerine \u03b1\u03b9) gibi \u00f6zellikler, 10.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131l yaz\u0131m standartlar\u0131yla uyumludur. Yaz\u0131t\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki gemi grafitisi, \u00fc\u00e7 direkli bir ticaret gemisini temsil eder ve denizle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir ziyaret\u00e7iyi ima edebilir. Gemi grafitileri, Bizans d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir tema olup, genellikle hac\u0131lar veya denizciler taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tarihi Ba\u011flam ve Chryse Petra Tan\u0131mlamas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ma\u011faran\u0131n Bizans Manast\u0131r\u0131 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, ke\u015fi\u015f h\u00fccreleri, iki \u015fapel, mezarlar ve sarn\u0131\u00e7 gibi \u00f6zellikleriyle tipik bir Bizans ma\u011fara manast\u0131r\u0131 karakteri ta\u015f\u0131r. Ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00fccra konumu, H\u0131ristiyan \u00e7ilecili\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir unsur olan inzivay\u0131 destekler. Do\u011fal ma\u011faralar, Bizans d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ermi\u015fler i\u00e7in ideal mekanlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc; Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131 da bu ba\u011flamda, 9.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda troglodit manast\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. \u015eapel A&#8217;n\u0131n katholikon, \u015eapel B&#8217;nin ise cenaze \u015fapeli olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u0130ki \u015fapelin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck liturjik hizmetler ile cenaze rit\u00fcelleri aras\u0131nda bir i\u015flevsel b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ma\u011faran\u0131n mekansal d\u00fczeni, ke\u015fi\u015f h\u00fccrelerinin do\u011fal \u0131\u015f\u0131k alan giri\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde, \u015fapeller ve mezarlar\u0131n ise karanl\u0131k i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda yer almas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eker. Bu d\u00fczen, \u015fapellerin yaln\u0131zca belirli zamanlarda (mum veya lamba ile) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u00fccrelerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam i\u00e7in i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ma\u011fara, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir d\u00fczine ke\u015fi\u015fe ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evresindeki ermi\u015f topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir merkez g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024593-723x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024593-723x1024.jpg 723w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024593-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024593-768x1088.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024593.jpg 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chryse Petra ile Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chryse Petra (&#8220;Alt\u0131n Kaya&#8221;), 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans metinlerinde \u00f6nemli bir da\u011f manast\u0131r\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Aziz Nikon Metanoite&#8217;nin Hayat\u0131, manast\u0131r\u0131n Pontos ile Paphlagonia s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, sert ve kurak bir da\u011fda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Metin, manast\u0131r\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 iki \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klar: ya g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n kayaya vurmas\u0131yla yald\u0131zl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm kazanmas\u0131 ya da orada e\u011fitilen ruhlar\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi. Di\u011fer metinler, Chryse Petra&#8217;n\u0131n Amastris ve Sinope aras\u0131nda bir yerde oldu\u011funu do\u011frular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gen\u00e7 St Dorotheos&#8217;un Hayat\u0131<\/strong>: Chryse Petra&#8217;n\u0131n Chiliokomon\/Suluova&#8217;ya yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daniel&#8217;in Diegesis&#8217;i<\/strong>: Chryse Petra&#8217;y\u0131 Sinope ile Kuzey Bitinya aras\u0131nda yerle\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H\u0131zl\u0131 John&#8217;un Sinaksarion Notu<\/strong>: Manast\u0131r\u0131n Amastris&#8217;e yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu vurgular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nikon&#8217;un bir g\u00fcnde Parthenios Nehri&#8217;ne (modern Bart\u0131n suyu) ula\u015fmas\u0131, Chryse Petra&#8217;n\u0131n Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;na yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 km mesafede olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ma\u011faran\u0131n giri\u015findeki alt\u0131n renkli kaya \u015feridi, Chryse Petra ad\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilebilecek g\u00f6rsel bir ipucu sunar. Ayr\u0131ca, Amastrisli St George&#8217;un Hayat\u0131&#8217;nda bahsedilen Mt Agrioserike ma\u011faras\u0131n\u0131n, Chryse Petra&#8217;n\u0131n erken bir formu olabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Ancak, metinlerde manast\u0131r\u0131n bir ma\u011fara olarak tan\u0131mlanmamas\u0131, kesin bir tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yine de, Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Chryse Petra manast\u0131r a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli bir merkez oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek olas\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024597-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024597-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024597-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024597-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/1000024597.jpg 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, di\u011fer Bizans ma\u011fara manast\u0131rlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda benzersizdir. Kapadokya&#8217;daki kaya manast\u0131rlar\u0131, do\u011fal ma\u011faralar yerine oyulmu\u015f t\u00fcf kayalara in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir ve genellikle daha ge\u00e7 tarihlidir. Ancak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alanlarla benzerlikler g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Olevano sul Tusciano (Salerno, \u0130talya)<\/strong>: Ba\u015fmelek Mikail ma\u011faras\u0131, do\u011fal bir ma\u011farada in\u015fa edilmi\u015f birden fazla \u015fapel, mezar ve su toplama sistemiyle Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;na benzer. 8.-9. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Lombard D\u00fckleri&#8217;nin himayesinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Murfatlar Manast\u0131r\u0131 (Dobruca, Romanya)<\/strong>: Kayadan oyulmu\u015f bu kompleks, ha\u00e7 grafitileri, birden fazla \u015fapel ve h\u00fccre odalar\u0131yla Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;na benzer. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131la tarihlendirilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n tam geli\u015fmi\u015f bir Bizans ma\u011fara manast\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve troglodit manast\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nadir bir \u00f6rne\u011fini temsil etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u00f6lgesel ve Tarihi Ba\u011flam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paphlagonia, Bizans d\u00f6neminde k\u0131y\u0131 ve i\u00e7 kesimlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara konu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, K\u00fcre Da\u011flar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n do\u011fal bariyeri nedeniyle izole bir konumda bulunur ve bu, manast\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7ileci ya\u015fam i\u00e7in ideal bir yer olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki di\u011fer ma\u011faralar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Kafatas\u0131 Ma\u011faras\u0131 ve Medil Ma\u011faras\u0131) da troglodit bir a\u011f\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Gideros\/Kytoros gibi k\u0131y\u0131 yerle\u015fimleri, ma\u011faray\u0131 ziyaret eden hac\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir demirleme noktas\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chryse Petra, 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130mparator Romanos I taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131cal\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Paphlagonia&#8217;n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli manast\u0131rlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Nikon Metanoite ve H\u0131zl\u0131 John gibi \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerin burada e\u011fitim almas\u0131, manast\u0131r\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel etkisini g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca, Amastrisli St George&#8217;un Hayat\u0131&#8217;nda bahsedilen Mt Agrioserike, Chryse Petra&#8217;n\u0131n erken bir formu olabilir, bu da manast\u0131r\u0131n 8.-9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren aktif oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, 9.-11. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda K\u00fcre Da\u011flar\u0131&#8217;nda troglodit manast\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi olarak hizmet vermi\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir d\u00fczine ke\u015fi\u015fe ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f bir Bizans manast\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Arkeolojik bulgular (\u015fapeller, mezarlar, sarn\u0131\u00e7, grafitiler) ve tarihi metinler, ma\u011faran\u0131n Chryse Petra ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde destekler. Ma\u011faran\u0131n \u00fccra konumu, \u00e7ileci ya\u015fam i\u00e7in ideal bir ortam sunarken, ha\u00e7 grafitileri ve yaz\u0131tlar, dindar bir toplulu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eder. Ancak, artan turizm ve tahribat, bu e\u015fsiz alan\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmektedir. Gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ma\u011faran\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel \u00f6nemini ve Chryse Petra ile ili\u015fkisini daha netle\u015ftirebilir. Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, i\u00e7 Paphlagonia ile Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu dolduran \u00f6nemli bir Bizans manast\u0131r alan\u0131 olarak kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Akkemik, \u00dc., Aytu\u011f, B., G\u00fczel, S. 2004: &#8220;Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131&#8217;nda (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131, Kastamonu, T\u00fcrkiye) arkeobotanik ve dendroarkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar.&#8221; <em>Turkish Journal for Agriculture and Forestry<\/em> 28: 9\u201317.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Belke, K. 1996: <em>Paphlagonien und Honorias (TIB 9)<\/em>. Viyana, Verlag der \u00d6AW.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cassis, M. 2015: &#8220;Bizans D\u00f6neminde Cide-Senpazar B\u00f6lgesi.&#8221; In <em>Kinetic Landscapes: The Cide Archaeological Project<\/em>. Var\u015fova, De Gruyter: 294\u2013363.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Della Dora, V. 2016: <em>Landscape, Nature, and the Sacred in Byzantium<\/em>. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sullivan, D. 1987: <em>The Life of Saint Nikon<\/em>. Brookline, MA, Hellenic College Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Talbot, A.-M. 2001: &#8220;Byzantine Monasticism.&#8221; In <em>The Oxford History of Byzantium<\/em>. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 266\u201374.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ilgarini Ma\u011faras\u0131, Kastamonu&#8217;nun P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 il\u00e7esinde, K\u00fcre Da\u011flar\u0131 Milli Park\u0131 i\u00e7inde, deniz seviyesinden 1160 metre y\u00fckseklikte yer alan do\u011fal bir ma\u011fara sistemidir. 858 metre uzunlu\u011fu ve 250 metre derinli\u011fiyle T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011faralar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir. Ma\u011fara, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yeniden ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, ancak arkeolojik ve tarihi \u00f6nemi yak\u0131n zamana kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[42,44,43,39],"class_list":["post-10225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cideblog","tag-ilgarini-magarasi","tag-magara","tag-pinarbasi","tag-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10225"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10233,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10225\/revisions\/10233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cidetr.com\/forum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}